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利比亚
概 况
General
国 名：大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国
Official Name: The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Official Name: The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
国 旗：国旗是一面绿色旗，旗边饰有金黄色旗穗。利比亚是穆斯林国家。绿色是伊斯兰教信奉者所热爱的颜色，人们把绿色看成革命的象征，吉祥和胜利的颜色。
国 徽：一只展翅的金色鹰，鹰的胸脯为一面盾，基座写着阿拉伯文国名的绶带。
自然地理：利比亚位于非洲北部。东与埃及交界，东南与苏丹为邻，南同乍得和尼日尔毗连，西部与阿尔及利亚和突尼斯接壤。北临地中海。全境95％以上为沙漠和半沙漠。大部分地区平均海拔500米。北部沿海为平原。境内无常年性河流和湖泊。井泉分布较广，为主要水源。北部沿海属亚热地中海型气候，冬暖多雨，夏热干燥，1月平均气温12℃，8月平均气温26℃；夏季常受来自南部撒哈拉沙漠干热风（当地称＂吉卜利风＂）的侵害，气温可高达50℃以上；年平均降水量为100－600毫米。内陆广大地区属热带沙漠气候，干热少雨，季节和昼夜温差均较大，1月平均气温15℃左右，7月32℃以上；年平均降水量100毫米以下；中部的塞卜哈是世界上最干燥的地区。的黎波里1月气温8－16℃，8月22－30℃。
Location: Libya is located in North Africa and is bordered by Egypt to the east, Sudan to the south-east, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The Mediteranean Sea lies to north.
Location: Libya is located in North Africa and is bordered by Egypt to the east, Sudan to the south-east, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The Mediteranean Sea lies to north.
面 积：1759540平方公里
Area: 1,759,540 sq.km
Area: 1,759,540 sq.km
土地利用-耕地1.2％，永久牧场7.6％，森林和林地0.4％，其它90.8％（大部为沙漠）；人均耕地1.7英亩。
Land use - 1.2% cropland, 7.6% permanent pasture, 0.4% forest and woodland, 90.8% other; (mostly desert); arable land per capita 1.7 acres
Land use - 1.2% cropland, 7.6% permanent pasture, 0.4% forest and woodland, 90.8% other; (mostly desert); arable land per capita 1.7 acres
海岸线长－1900公里，陆界线长－4383公里.
coastline- 1,900 km. land borders- 4,383 km.
coastline- 1,900 km. land borders- 4,383 km.
人 口：620多万（2000年）
密度－每平方公里3人（2000年）；城市人口占86.0％；年增长率3.1％（2000年）；平均寿命68.6岁（2000年）。
Population: more than 6,200,000 (2000)
Density- 3 per sq. km.(2000); urban pop- 86.0%; growth rate- 3.1% per year (2000); avg. life expectancy- 68.6 years (2000).
密度－每平方公里3人（2000年）；城市人口占86.0％；年增长率3.1％（2000年）；平均寿命68.6岁（2000年）。
Population: more than 6,200,000 (2000)
Density- 3 per sq. km.(2000); urban pop- 86.0%; growth rate- 3.1% per year (2000); avg. life expectancy- 68.6 years (2000).
首 都：的黎波里，人口－180万（2000年）
Capital: Tripoli; Population- 1,800,000(2000)
Capital: Tripoli; Population- 1,800,000(2000)
时 差：比格林尼治时间早2小时；比北京时间晚6小时。
Time: 2 hour earlier than GMT; 6 hours later than Beijing Time.
Time: 2 hour earlier than GMT; 6 hours later than Beijing Time.
语 言：阿拉伯语为官方语言。在主要城市也讲英语和意大利语。
Language: Arabic is the official language. English and Italian are also spoken in the major cities.
Language: Arabic is the official language. English and Italian are also spoken in the major cities.
民 族：阿拉伯人和柏柏尔占97％，其它民族（包括埃及人、希腊人、印度人、意大利人、马耳他人、巴基斯坦人、突尼斯人和土耳其人）占3％
Ethnic Composition: Arab and Berber-97%; other (including Egyptian, Greek, Indian, Italian, Maltese, Pakistani, Tunisian, and Turkish－3%
Ethnic Composition: Arab and Berber-97%; other (including Egyptian, Greek, Indian, Italian, Maltese, Pakistani, Tunisian, and Turkish－3%
宗 教：主要是伊斯兰教，逊尼派穆斯林占97％；其它宗教占3％
Religion: mostly Islamic, Sunni Moslem 97%; other 3%.
Religion: mostly Islamic, Sunni Moslem 97%; other 3%.
货 币：1利比亚第纳尔＝1000迪拉姆；1美元＝0.45第纳尔（1999年）
Currency: 1 Libyan dinar=1,000 dirbams; 1 US $=0.45 Libyan dinars (1999)
Currency: 1 Libyan dinar=1,000 dirbams; 1 US $=0.45 Libyan dinars (1999)
节 日（2001年）：宰牲节（3月6日）、伊斯兰教新年（3月26日）、撤离日（3月28日）、阿术拉节（4月4日）、穆罕默德诞辰（6月4日）、撤离日（6月11日）、革命纪念日（国庆节）（9月1日）、撤离日（10月7日）、穆罕默德升天日（10月15日）、开斋节（12月17日）。
Holidays (2001): 6 March (Id al-Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice), 26 March (Islamic New Year), 28 March (Evacuation Day), 4 April (Ashoura), 4 June (Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad), 11 June (Evacuation Day), 1 September (Revolution Day), 7 October (Evacuation Day), 15 October (Leilat al-Meiraj, ascension of Muhammad), December 17 (Id al-Fitr, end of Ramadan).
These holidays are dependent on the Islamic lunar calendar and may vary by one or two days from the dates given.
Holidays (2001): 6 March (Id al-Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice), 26 March (Islamic New Year), 28 March (Evacuation Day), 4 April (Ashoura), 4 June (Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad), 11 June (Evacuation Day), 1 September (Revolution Day), 7 October (Evacuation Day), 15 October (Leilat al-Meiraj, ascension of Muhammad), December 17 (Id al-Fitr, end of Ramadan).
These holidays are dependent on the Islamic lunar calendar and may vary by one or two days from the dates given.
行政区划：全国分为3个市、10个区。
主要城市：的黎波里、班加西、米苏拉塔、扎维耶、贝达、艾季达比耶
Major Cities: Tripoli, Benghazi, Misurata (Misratah), Az Zawiyah, Al Bayda, Agedabia
Major Cities: Tripoli, Benghazi, Misurata (Misratah), Az Zawiyah, Al Bayda, Agedabia